Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O)
Copper
CAS: 7440-50-8
Molecular Formula: Cu
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Names and Identifiers
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Cu |
| Molar Mass | 63.55 |
| Density | 8.94 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 1083.4 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 2567 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | -23°C |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 20℃ |
| Appearance | wire |
| Specific Gravity | 8.92 |
| Color | Rust-brownish |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 1 mg(Cu)/m3 (dusts and mists)(ACGIH and MSHA); 0.2 mg/m3 (fumes)(ACGIH). |
| Merck | 13,2545 |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, active halogen compounds, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, bromine, ammonia. May react explosively with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | air sensitive |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Reddish shiny ductile metal (face-centered cubic system). Melting point 1083.4 °c. Boiling point 2587 °c. The relative density was 8.92. Soluble in nitric acid, hot concentrated sulfuric acid, very slowly soluble in hydrochloric acid, ammonia, dilute sulfuric acid, also soluble in acetic acid and other organic acids, insoluble in cold water and hot water. Dark in the open air, the surface in the humid air gradually formed Green basic carbonate. |
| Use | Used as a teaching reagent |
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R17 - Spontaneously flammable in air R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R11 - Highly Flammable R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed R62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R48/20 - R38 - Irritating to the skin R53 - May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R50 - Very Toxic to aquatic organisms R68/20/21/22 - R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S5 - Keep contents under ... (there follows the name of a liquid). S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. |
| UN IDs | UN 3089 4.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | GL5325000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 74081100 |
| Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 intraperitoneal in mouse: 3500ug/kg |
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Copper(II) sulfate Sodium sulfite |
| Downstream Products | Copper(II) sulfate Cupric nitrate Copper(I) chloride Copper(II) carbonate basic Copper(II) oxide Adipic acid Ammonia Ammonium Bicarbonate |
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
A reddish shiny ductile metal. Face-centered cubic system. Relative density 8. 94; Melting point 1083 ℃, boiling point 2595 ℃. Soluble in nitric acid, hot concentrated sulfuric acid, very slowly soluble in hydrochloric acid, ammonia, dilute sulfuric acid, also soluble in acetic acid and other organic acids, insoluble in cold water and hot water. High-purity copper is a good thermoelectric conductor. Dark in the open air, the surface in the humid air gradually formed Green basic carbonate. Contact with acetylene forms an impact-sensitive compound. If the copper powder or dust copper is contacted with a strong oxidant, a vigorous reaction occurs.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
with metal copper as raw material, dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid, after electrolytic refining, high purity copper powder finished product.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:02
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Use
Open Data Verified Data
high purity copper is an indispensable and valuable material in the atomic energy, rocket, missile, aviation, space navigation and metallurgical industry. High-purity copper is the best material for the neutron reflection layer of atomic reactor due to its strong heat absorption capacity, stable mechanical properties, high melting point and high temperature resistance. In the metallurgical industry is alloy steel additives, also used in refractory materials and special glass, integrated circuits, antennas and many other aspects.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:02
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
It has a stimulating effect on the skin and respiratory tract. The dust irritates the eyes and causes corneal ulceration. Production personnel should be protected to avoid direct contact with dust and smoke. If contact is accidental, it should be washed with water immediately. Should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry warehouse. Not with inorganic acids, strong alkali, edible raw materials and flammable materials are stored and mixed. Protection against rain and sun exposure during transport.
Last Update：2022-01-01 08:54:03
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O) - Reference Information
| resistivity | 1.673 ***-CM, 20°C |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | copper is the 4th period of the periodic table group 1B elements, one of the most important heavy non-ferrous metals. Element symbol Cu, atomic number 29, relative atomic mass 63.546. Copper is solid at room temperature, and the new section is purple red, which is easy to be oxidized by heating. Copper has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, low deformation impedance, can withstand a high degree of cold deformation without cracking, is an important heavy non-ferrous metal materials, mainly used in electronics, electrical, machinery, construction and transportation and other industrial sectors. There are hundreds of copper compounds, but not many of them are produced on an industrial scale, the most important of which is copper sulfate pentahydrate, or bile alum (CuSO4 · 5H2O), followed by Bordeaux mixture (Cu (OH)) 2 · CuSO4), copper meta arsenite (Cu (AsO2)2), copper acetate [Cu(CH3COO)2] Complex, copper cyanide (CuCN), copper chloride (CuCl2), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), copper oxide (CuO), basic copper carbonate and copper naphthenate, etc. Copper salts are useful as agricultural fungicides. Copper sulfate can be used as an emetic and a topical antidote for yellow phosphorus burns. |
| Discovery History | copper is one of the first metals discovered and used by humans. About ten thousand years ago, human beings have known the natural copper, and its hammer into a small cone or nail. So far, it has been found that the earliest copper refiner in human beings is the scraper, chisel and cone, etc., which were discovered in Iran by taipehaiya, and the age is about 3800 years ago. The tin bronze knife discovered in the site of Majiayao type in Dongxiang, Gansu province in 1978 is the earliest bronze piece found in China so far, and its age is about 2750 years before the Yuan Dynasty, which indicates that China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use copper. China has mastered the shaft furnace copper smelting technology as early as 770 years before Gongyuan, and the copper output reached 7300t in the year of Song Yuan Feng Yuan (1078 years), and the copper metallurgy technology has reached a considerable level. |
| physical properties | copper is superior to silver in electrical and thermal conductivity. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper are 94% and 73.2% of silver at room temperature, respectively. The configuration of the outer electron layer of the copper atom is [Ar] 3 D104 S1. Copper can lose one electron in the 4S orbit when forming a compound, and can also lose one electron in the 3d orbit at the same time. Therefore, copper mainly has two valence states of +1 and +2. At room temperature, the oxidation state of copper is dominated by +2 valence, and the low valence compound is stable at high temperature. copper has two stable natural isotopes, 63Cu and 65Cu. 63Cu contains 29 protons and 34 neutrons, and 65Cu contains 29 protons and 36 neutrons. Nine unstable isotopes of copper are known. copper is stable in dry air at room temperature, but when placed in humid air containing CO2 for a long time, it will generate green Alkaline copper carbonate, commonly known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The electrochemical equivalent of divalent copper was 0.329mg/C. Copper cannot replace hydrogen in an acidic aqueous solution, and is also insoluble in hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid without dissolved oxygen, but is soluble in nitric acid having an oxidizing action. Copper and alkali solution is very slow, but easy to react with ammonia, the formation of complexes. Copper soluble in acetic acid and other organic acids. Soluble copper salts are generally toxic. The crystal structure of copper is a face-centered cubic lattice. Pure copper has very good ductility, can be processed into very thin wire and very thin sheet. Copper is an excellent conductive and thermal conductor, and its electrical and thermal conductivity is second only to silver in metals. The presence of trace impurities will greatly reduce the conductivity of copper. |
| essential trace elements for human body | copper is one of the essential trace elements for human body, 2~5mg per day in normal human food, because copper is widely distributed in food, dietary copper content is sufficient to meet the needs of the body, so the phenomenon of copper deficiency is rare. The most abundant sources of copper are liver, kidney, oysters, nuts (such as walnuts), currants, and legumes. Milk contains little copper. The absorption of copper in food by the gastrointestinal mucosa 20 ~ 30%. Copper ions and plasma albumin loose binding, into the liver can be combined with Alpha 2 globulin, the formation of ceruloplasmin. Then from the liver into the blood. Copper in the body is mainly stored in the liver, brain, kidney and other tissues. Serum copper concentration was 0.1mg%. Animal experiments show that acid and high calcium can promote and inhibit the absorption of copper respectively. Many inorganic anions have a greater impact on copper absorption; Excess sulfite in food can significantly reduce copper absorption. Under normal circumstances, the intake of copper is mainly excreted by the feces, the content of urine is very small, only about 4~30g/d. The disease caused by copper metabolism disorder is called hepatolenticular degeneration disease, which is a genetic disease due to the degeneration and cirrhosis of the basal ganglia caused by the chronic deposition of a large number of copper ions. |
| Main use | Copper is widely used in various industrial sectors due to its many excellent properties. Until the 60s of the 20th century, the importance and consumption of copper was second only to iron. After the 2060s, only to give way to the more abundant resources, the price is cheaper aluminum, back to the third place. The proportion of copper consumption in China in the late 1880s is shown in Table 2. Worldwide, more than half of copper production is used in the power and electronics industries, such as manufacturing cables, wires, motors and other power and telecommunications equipment. After the 1980s, part of the use of copper in telecommunications was replaced by optical fibers. Copper is also an important material in the defense industry. due to the good conductivity of copper, widely used in the electrical industry, the manufacture of wire and cable requires pure copper (content of more than 99.95%), is the crude copper by electrolytic refining. Copper can form a variety of important alloys with zinc, tin, aluminum, nickel, beryllium and so on. Brass (copper-zinc alloy), bronze (copper-tin alloy) used in the manufacture of bearings, Pistons, switches, tubing, heat exchangers. Aluminum bronze (copper aluminum alloy) vibration resistance is very strong, can be used to produce the need for strength and toughness of castings. In the copper-nickel alloy, Monel alloy is known for its corrosion resistance and is used in the manufacture of valves, pumps and high-pressure steam equipment. White copper is a copper-nickel alloy, which has good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and is used in precision machinery manufacturing. The mechanical properties of beryllium bronze (containing beryllium copper alloy) exceed those of high-grade steel and are widely used in the manufacture of various mechanical parts, tools and radio equipment. copper compounds are important raw materials for pesticides, fungicides, pigments, electroplating, primary batteries, dyes and catalysts. oxygen-free copper has high purity and no hydrogen embrittlement, Thus, it is used in waveguide, vacuum tube and transistor components, glass and metal sealing, coaxial cable and stabilization treatment of superconducting magnetic windings, etc. Ductile copper is used to make copper busbars, contactors, various types of conductors, radar components, switches and contacts, etc. The above two types of copper are silver treated for making anti-softening devices such as the windings of Transformers, generators and large synchronous generators. Phosphorus-deoxidized copper is mainly used for making tubes for refrigerators and air conditioners, rectifiers and water pipes or gas pipes, etc. (when electrical and thermal conductivity and welding performance or brazing performance are required). Free-cutting copper is mainly used in the manufacture of threaded products and other welding tips, clamps, terminals and switch components. |
| copper metallurgy | copper extraction from copper concentrates, copper ores, or other copper-containing raw materials copper may be pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy, it depends mainly on the mineral type of copper in the raw material, the copper content and the local energy, climate and other economic conditions. Copper Hydrometallurgy is generally applicable to the treatment of oxidized ore, low-grade waste ore and complex refractory ore dressing. Pyrometallurgy is used to treat various copper concentrates, and sulfide ores are mainly treated by pyrometallurgy. Copper regeneration also belongs to the category of copper extraction metallurgy. copper pyrometallurgy has the advantages of high temperature, fast reaction speed, high copper content in intermediate products, suitable for large-scale industrial production, easy separation of main metal products and slag, and does not require the use of expensive reagents, the advantages of high recovery rate of gold and silver in raw materials, low total energy consumption, high quality of final product, and technological progress, the pollution problem of SO2 flue gas is being solved, therefore, the proportion of copper produced by fire in the world's total output has increased year by year, reaching more than 90%. in copper smelting gold, the pattern of using sulfide ore as the main raw material and pyrometallurgy copper as the main material will not change for a long period of time. With the natural enrichment of copper sulfide resources to reduce day by day, suitable for the treatment of poor ore and refractory complex ore of copper hydrometallurgy technology will be more and more attention. The development trend of copper Hydrometallurgy is to use advanced leaching technology and enrichment technology, to find efficient and inexpensive leaching agent and enrichment agent, to develop and apply large and efficient metallurgical equipment to improve the productivity of copper hydrometallurgy, and reduce production costs. |
| raw material for copper smelting | The crust abundance of copper is 68 × 10-4%, and seawater contains about 3 × 10-7% of copper. There are about 165 kinds of copper minerals found in nature. In addition to the rare natural copper, there are mainly primary copper sulfide minerals and secondary copper oxide minerals (Table 3). Copper minerals in chalcopyrite is the most, accounting for about 2/3 of the copper ore. About 90% of the world's primary copper production comes from sulfide minerals. The content of copper in sulfide ore is low, and the copper content of typical copper sulfide ore is from 0.5% (open pit mining) to 1%~ 2% (underground mining). Therefore, the copper ore must be crushed and enriched by flotation to produce a concentrate with high copper content, which can be used as a raw material for smelting. In the Eighties of the 20th century, more than 90% of the copper concentrate used for copper smelting had a particle size of less than 0.074, and the copper contained between 20% and 30%, and generally contained sulfur and iron in a quantity equivalent to that of copper. The variation range of chemical composition of typical copper concentrate is shown in Table 4. Copper minerals are often associated with pyrite, sphalerite, Galena, nickel pyrite and cobalt-bearing minerals, noble metals, rare metals and semi-metals are also common associated components. In smelting, it is necessary to recover the valuable components of copper concentrate in order to improve the comprehensive utilization of resources and eliminate the pollution to the environment. At the same time, attention should be paid to the use of the huge reaction surface of copper concentrate and the heat of smelting reaction, in order to strengthen production and save energy. Copper oxide ore is difficult to concentrate in mineral processing, and is generally treated by hydrometallurgy or other methods. as the natural resources of copper are becoming scarce, energy is becoming Nervousness, and with the progress of science and technology and the output of industrial copper with relatively uniform composition and specification in the world, hetero-copper has become a very important copper resource. In industrialized countries, it is the raw material of copper production in the total output of copper accounted for a large proportion. For example, the 80 s of the 20th century, the United States recycled copper production accounted for 23% of the total output of refined copper, the United Kingdom accounted for 52%, while France was as high as 58%. These countries attach great importance to the regeneration and utilization of waste copper. |
| toxicity | is irritating to the skin. The dust irritates the eyes and causes corneal ulceration. Production personnel should wear protective work clothes, masks, dust-proof glasses, production equipment should be closed, the workshop is well ventilated, and take a shower after work. |
| Application | is a material used in the electronic industry and is used as a highly pure analytical reagent. used in powder metallurgy parts, diamond saw blades, friction materials, electrical carbon products and chemical catalysts, etc. used as analytical reagents, catalysts, reducing agents used as common reagents, catalyst and reducing agent mainly used as raw material for copper smelting used as raw material for copper smelting and electrolysis mainly used for making conductive equipment and alloys (bronze, brass, white copper, etc.) used as teaching reagent reducing agent; Preparation of copper salt; Catalyst (powder); Alloy; Electroplating reagent, alloy, electroplating. |
| production method | electrolysis method takes metal copper as raw material and dissolves in concentrated sulfuric acid. The composition of the electrolyte is: Cu52.3 g/L, H2SO4 about 200g/L, electrolyte temperature 58.5 degrees C, cell voltage 0.33V, cathode current density 1.82 A/cm2. After electrolytic refining, high purity copper powder products were obtained. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | intraperitoneal-mouse LD50: 0.07 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | |
| storage and transportation characteristics | low temperature, ventilation, dry; Sealed storage |
| extinguishing agent | water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 1 mg (copper)/m3; PEL 2 mg (copper)/M3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-and health-threatening concentration | 100 mg Cu/m3 |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:55:45
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CAS: 7440-50-8
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Raw Materials for Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O)
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